I feel it is essential to discuss these verses which relate the very important subject matter of trials and tribulations, and the display of patience under such circumstances. The Holy Quran sheds light on this subject, and mentions three ways in which such trials are brought upon mankind. 1. In the first instance this occurs with the advent of a prophet, but now that prophet hood has ended, with the advent of a reformer (mujaddid), or one appointed by God comes. Such a person, and those who follow him, have to face severe opposition. Attempts are even made upon their lives. Thus in some manner and form, those who support the truth have to undergo frequent trials and tribulations. 2. In the second category are those difficulties which are ordained by Allah for mankind as his taqdeer, meaning the Divine law, with the objective of enhancing his growth and development. Under this category fall the conditions which bring about a state of fear, hunger and destruction of life and property. 3. In the third group fall those tribulations which a man brings upon himself as a consequence of his wrong doings, and misdeeds. This is stated in the verse, "And whatever misfortune befalls you, it is on account of what your hands have wrought, and He pardons much" [Surah or Ch. 42:30] . The remedy for such difficulties, besides patience, is repentance, asking for Divine protection from sin, and self-reformation. At times it is difficult to differentiate between these three categories. As a measure of precaution it is, therefore essential for those who guard against evil (muttaqin) to reform themselves, along with sincerely repenting (taubah), and seeking Divine protection (istighfar). Even if the tribulation has not been brought upon by one's own action, one of the important reasons for its occurrence is reformation, and spiritual development of mankind. A useful analogy to remember in this regard is the purification of gold from dross, by subjecting it to heat. In a similar manner spiritual purification occurs in face of adversity. A spiritually depraved person considers adversity as an accidental occurrence, and therefore exhibits impatience and restlessness. He tries unsuccessfully to seek solace in alcohol, or some other intoxicant, and at times even commits suicide. The Holy Quran, however, tells us: For this reason one should face such difficulties with patience, and steadfastness, while being sincerely repentant, and seeking Divine protection, lest the adversity be a result of his misdeeds. Crying out for help is a natural human reaction, and since all afflictions arise as a result of Divine command, and with His permission, it is quite natural to ask Him for help. Let us now see how we can solicit such assistance.
— Commentary (author not named in book)
